Showing posts with label Munitions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Munitions. Show all posts

Thursday, October 29, 2015

Class Distinctions and the War - WW1

Article - November 1914

Class Distinctions and The War

Ever since the outbreak of the war the press and politicians have been telling us that all sections of the community have dropped their differences, and that we are now united people.


That would be very nice and comforting if it were true, it is almost as incorrect as to say that as a nation, we are at peace with Germany.

In the first two or three weeks of the war employers of labour brought pressure to bear on eligible youths in their employment to force them into the army, such as could not be enforced on the use of the propertied class.

That game was only stopped by the growing signs of resentment and the fear that serious trouble might arise. 


When the first two or three casualty list appeared, in which were included "officers and men missing" the War Office issued an order intimating that the pay of "missing officers" would be continued, but the pay of privates missing would be discontinued that is a glaring example of class distinction as any that have emerged since war began.

In the matter of providing comfort troops - socks, woollen helmets, and mittens while the women of the middle class have been free to assist in this if they chose, women who were compelled to work for an employer having a large numbers of cases being given no option. In the printing line for instance in girl and women "feeders" between the finish of one job and the start of another have usually some time to wait stop during such waiting time it has been customary for them to do some knitting or selling themselves. It has indeed been necessary in most cases in order to eke out their wages.

Now they are being supplied with wool and told to "go ahead and do something for the soldiers".

In this way the girls employed by a large Glasgow firm have done an average of five pairs of socks, four pairs of mittens and four helmets each, and then they would not be accepted by the firm until the girls had taken them home and watch them.

If the government is so mean as to shirk its undoubted duty to supply all these articles, and most of the girls and women, many of whom have brothers, fathers, sweethearts, and husbands serving in the Army will voluntary do such work, but they want no interference from the employers.

Another case of which we have heard it in connection with another Glasgow firm and the production of flags for one of those numerous "flag days" which look like becoming a permanent feature of organised charity. The girls employed on them were not paid their usual time rate, but were given a special piece rate so low that they could not make a decent wage.

There seemed a danger of trouble over it, but ultimately the girls were put off by being told that it was an "isolated incident" at and at the normal time and that in any case it was "a good cause"

It is about time that we made an effort to stop these "isolated incidents" and the sweating that is going on for "a good cause"

There is no use, however, railing at charity-mongering and all the evils that accompany it unless we are all prepared to be so "unpatriotic" as to demand that the Government assume full responsibility for satisfying in a generous way all those needs which are at present left to the prying and stingy methods of fussy charity mongers.

In the case of banking, shipping, and property interests generally, the Government has been ready to do almost anything it was asked to do, but towards the interests of the mass of the people it has shown a callous indifference, which fully justifies all that socialists have ever said against class rule.

The treatment accorded to the wife's and the dependents of men in the Army and Navy is to put it mildly, absolutely scandalous.

Thousands of them have received practically nothing of their meager separation allowance supposed due to them, While thousands of others - women of spirit have refused to be pauperised by the acceptance of food coupons at the hands of "superior" middle-class women - food coupons which specify what they are, or are not allowed to eat

The demand now being made for adequate maintenance being guarantee to every widow or dependent of men killed or maimed in battle will probably meet with a good deal of opposition from the well-to-do people who are themselves not worried by any sort of semi-starvation.

Already those carrying on the agitation are being termed mercenaries and sneered at as being devoid of patriotism.

Patriotism is quite fitting for those who get all the best in the country can give, but to men who have never even had a guarantee of a bare subsistence it does not appeal overmuch.

It is certainly mercenary to demand a reward for fighting capitalism and the wage system has been responsible for that. The only thing we regret that the demand is so moderate. It ought to be a demand for the expropriation of the capitalist class.

The Socialist November 1914
Socialist Labour Party
15 Renfrew Street, Glasgow

Friday, January 27, 2012

Hayes Women Munition Workers WW1


( Hayes HMV factory producing munitions during WW1)
Hayes Women Munition Workers 1915
(Sandy Nordby grandmother)

During World War One the new factories in Hayes were turned over to the War effort, thousands of young women were recruited to take the places of the men now conscripted into the Army.
These young women workers came from across Britain in search of relatively well paid jobs in the munition factories of Hayes, the largest of which was the National Filling Factory No: 7. this was situated on 14 acres of land in 400 buildings (sheds) at least 75 feet apart established on a site South of Hayes station (Nestles Avenue) and employed 10,000 women and 3,000 men.

It is therefore possible that the number of Women employed in Hayes on War work at the height of WW1 could be as high as 15-20,000.



At the His Masters Voice factory, Hayes th
e new 120,000 pound gramophone manufacture factory, had just started assembly work when War was declared and as global sales slumped, so HMV had little option but to obtain munitions work. As a direct result employment at the Hayes HMV factory increased four fold and by wars end. a total of 6 million pounds worth of business had been generated.


Munitions work was extremely dangerous and the women worked long hours. The TNT in the munitions turned the women's skin yellow and they bec
ome commonly known as ' canaries'. I It has been estimated that around 400 women died from overexposure to TNT during World War One, but this is likely to be a significant underestimate.

While organisations like the Red Cross and the YWCA/YMCA attempted to provide rest, refreshments. and restaurant facilities it was left to th
e unions to fight for better safety and pay in the factories.

Below is a picture of Italian opera star Luisa Tetrazzini entertaining the munition workers at HMV Hayes factory during their lunchtime, the Young women workers in the picture look no older than late teens. (click on the picture to enlarge)



HAYES MUNITION GIRLS


"We are the Hayes Munition girls
Working night and day
Wearing the roses off our cheeks
For very little pay
Some people call us lazy
But were next to the boys on the sea
If it was'nt for the munitions girls
Where would the Empire be ?"


Many of the women in Hayes joined Mary MacArthur's National Federation of Women Workers union


The local Hayes branch of the National Federation of Women Workers (probably covered Hayes and Southall) and the the Secretary was Mrs Hollings of 21 Leonard Road, Southall and a Miss Nutcher were the local organiser during the war.

Later a Miss F. G.Lingard, 9 Nield Road, Hayes, Middlesex became Secretary of Hayes National Federation of Women
Workers.

The union had a good membership in the Hayes women munition factories

It was claimed that by 1915 the union had 350 of the 600 women workers employed in the Hayes factories, (including amongst Belgium women refugees working in the factories) with representatives in nearly every factory.


In 1915 the Hayes branch of the National Federation of Women Workers organised a delegation to demand an increase of six pence per hour as presently they only received three and half pence while men received seven pence per hour.

In June 1915 over 200 women workers attended a meting organised by the union and addressed by NFWW organiser Nutcher and Miss Pethick Lawerence spoke stating that "Hayes was full of vigour".

It was reported that the ASE were helping in trying to secure equal pay for women in Hayes, however James Andrew Seddon (MP for Newton-Makerfield) had stated that he was astonished learn of the low wages of some of the girls in the Hayes factories, but he was glad to learn that thanks to the trade union action a number of special improvements had been secured.

Miss Pethick Lawerence stated at the same meeting that "When they saw how all the Labour party in Hayes were there to help them (NFWW) ...and that...."No district had a stronger Labour party than that in Hayes".


MUNITIONS DEATH

Uxbridge County Court dealt with the claims on behalf of two munition workers in local factories
Daisy Hitchings of 16 Pickett Street, Balham (loss of finger)
Daughter of Mary Ann E Bosher of Melbourne Cottages, Alma Road, Windsor - Killed in an accident at the Munitions factory 3rd January 1917



The early Hayes and Southall Labour Parties (especially Mrs Chard of Southall) played a key role in trying to secure decent lodgings for the women who flocked to Hayes and Southall at the Governments request. it was also the local Labour Parties that established a vigilance committee to fight unfair rent and food rises.

Some men at the front were shocked that not only had they been replaced by women workers but they sometimes had secured better pay than they had and alleged that some were paid more than them as solders at the front.

What is known is that without the work of thousands of Hayes women munition workers the Allies would not have won the War, then again you could argue the weapons Hayes produced during WW1 probably killed hundreds of thousands of young German men







Note The WW1 song 'It's a long way to Tipperary' was first produced by The Gramophone Company HMV (probably at the Hayes plant) originally in 1913. A song made famous by the Connaught Rangers in France in the early days of the War. (see Hayes Peoples History posting on the Connaught Rangers).

So not only did Hayes produce the munitions to fire at the enemy, it also produced the soldiers song that they sang on the way to war.
Councillor J.C. Drenon
The Uxbridge Advertiser 23rd July 1915

The patriotism of many so called patriots starts and ends with their pockets,
it was the same with the coal owners, who grow fat out
of the country's needs,
and risk the country's safety rather than
give the colliers a living wage.
It is the same with the some property owners,
when it comes to compelling them to spen
d money
on their broken down dirty dilapidated houses,
their wails and screeches reach unto the heavens!
But they will do anything rather than their lawful duty"




HAYES MUNITION GIRLS


"We are the Hayes Munition girls
Working night and day
Wearing the roses off our cheeks
For very little pay
Some people call us lazy
But were next to the boys on the sea
If it was'nt for the munitions girls
Where would the Empire be ?"


See also Mike Collier's excellent article



http://middx.net/articles/munitions.htm

Sunday, October 10, 2010

WW1 July 1917 Uxbridge Notes




GERMAN PRISONERS 1917

German Prisoner have been at work in the (Harlington) village this week and caused a little curiosity especially on the part of the children.

if our own men in the hands of the Germans look well and contented as these men there would be little to worry about (July 1917)

PRIVATE NEWMAN
Private Alfred Newman of Harlington, youngest son of Mr & Mrs Robert Newman is reported missing since the end of may

SHERATON GLASS FACTORY
A hostel for boys working at Sheraton Glass Factory has been opened at Botwell Lodge. Mr Jenner is the superintendent.

Mr GRIMSDALE
A well known member of the Uxbridge and West Middlesex Athletics Club Captain G.C. Grimsdale of the London regiment has been wounded

SCOUTMASTER
Mr G.W. Beach the Scoutmaster of 1st Uxbridge Troop who is serving in East Africa has been promoted to Sergeant

CYCLE REPAIR MAN
A cycle repairer from Slough who had been rejected fourteen times for military service has now been classified C3

NATIONAL UNION OF RAILWAYMEN (NUR)
The National Union of Railwaymen have lost 2,758 members killed in the war



POW LETTER

Private Percey Perryman a wounded prisoner of War (POW)in Germany, writing to his wife under date May 7th 1917 says that he had just come across a lad from Uxbridge named Shirley "Whom I knew very well in fact I used to work with two of his brothers". his letter altogether is very cheerful, although he is still in hospital, but as it was not serious it was nothing to worry about.

Charles Harrison (Cowley) was serving in his Majesty's fleet

R.F.A. (Driver) Bench serving in Mesopotamia (worked previously at home Nursery

Private G Howe (Uxbridge)

Private R. Bowler A.S.C. (Uxbridge) on service in Mesopotamia

Rev Luther Bouch conducted the fourth anniversary service in his connection with his Ministry at the old Meeting Congregational Church

UXBRIDGE WORKERS EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (WEA)
This Newly established branch of the WEA held its AGM (July 1917)

H.T. Hamson was the Secretary of Uxbridge WEA

three local Associations affiliated to Uxbridge WEA in 1917, National Union of Railwaymen, National Union of Teachers and Uxbridge Adult School

MUNITIONS DEATH

Uxbridge County Court dealt with the clainms on behalf of two munition workers in local factories
Daisy Hitchings of 16 Pickett Street, Balham (loss of finger)
Daughter of Mary Ann E Bosher of Melbourne Cottages, Alma Road, Windsor - Killed in an accident at the Munitions factory 3rd January 1917

TAX RESISTANCE

Miss Katherine Ann Raleigh, the assiduous local worker on behalf of the Women's cause (Suffragette) had refused to pay certain taxes as a protest to the government in not guarantying the franchise (Vote) to women,
Her property was seized and sold on this occasion a half dozen silver tea spoons in a case. these were bought by another suffragette Miss Underwood

HAREFIELD NUGW UNION
Harefield National Union of General Workers NUGW requested direct representation on the local Food Control Committee

July 1917

Friday, March 13, 2009

Hold on Russia - Arms from London are Coming

HOLD ON, RUSSIA !
ARMS FROM LONDON ARE COMING !


Guns, tanks, planes made now in London

Room at once for 8,000 more women to work on them

Can take job today

London women would - will if necessary- man London's barricades as Moscow women man theirs.

It is not likely to come to that so long as Russia holds out.

Just because we know Russians battles are not only their own but ours also, we long to help them !

And the chance to do it is here ! here on the very door step of London where the great factories are turning out tanks and planes ! there is room in these factories NOW for 8,000 women.

How about you being one of that number this week.

Wage rates vary but in practice your pay packet is never lower than £2.5.0 and averages around £3. A few women make £5.15.0. Some factories work two shifts, some three. All factories are near bus routes. there are canteens where you can get a good meals. you have a week's paid holiday a year

See Munitions Being Made Exhibition

Wembley Town Hall, Forty Lane
99 Broadway, West Ealing
147 High Road, Wembley
154 High Street, Acton
Western House, Broadway, Ealing
1a the Broadway, Hanwell

Issued by the Ministry of Labour and National Service
advert Circa late 1941

Sunday, November 11, 2007


Today is remembrance day, a day when we should honour those that fell in the Wars we must also honour those women and men who worked in the Munitions factories of Hayes in both World Wars.
















We should also remember the Belgium ref
ugees who lived and worked in Hayes during WW1




Remember the death of L.W. Spencer, Leonald Spencer was founding Secretary of Uxbridge Independent Labour Party and one of the first Uxbridge Labour Councillors. (13 th Kensington Battalion Cyclist Orderly, killed 1st September 1915, he is buried at Longuenesse St Omer)

The local paper noted that "L.W. Spencer's, Regiment took major loses and he underwent terrible ordeal suffering from hunger, thirst, sleepless nights and seven months on constant bombardment, he slept with his motorcycle by his side doing his Christian socialist duty"

(Son of Mr. T. B. Spencer, of 66, Kidmore Rd., Caversham, Reading)





The Palmer Brothers from Hayes (sons of Hayes Labour Party founder and Councillor Henry Palmer) They died fighting in the Canadian Army.

William Alfred Palmer, Eastern Ontario Reg (Killed 26 th
April 1916 buried Woods Cemetery, Belgium).

Lieutenant Henry Arthur Palmer, Central Ontario Reg (killed 30th
September 1918 buried Cantimpre Canadian Cemetery, Nord France)







We should recall the words of Nurse Edith Cavell the night before her execution at 2am on 12th October, 1915
"Patriotism is not enough, I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone"