GENERAL UNIONS COME TO HAYES
"Not his masters voice, but the workers voice"
THE NATIONAL AMALGAMATED UNION OF LABOUR (NAUL)
The
first "general" trade union to begin union organisation in the new
factories of Botwell, Hayes, West London at the beginning of the
twentieth century was the National Amalgamated Union of Labour (NAUL).
The
Hayes branch of the National Amalgamated Union of Labour was
established in September 1911 with a subscription rate of 4d per month,
meeting every Friday evening at the Old Crown, Hayes. Middlesex.
Mr T.E. Smith of Gravesend
was the National Amalgamated Union of Labour organiser, who began the
union drive in the Hayes factory recalled that when he first came to
Hayes he had found that the workers “had held aloof from the trade union
for fear of being victimised”.
Smith himself had been active in NAUL recruitment on the Clyde in 1911 and was also working on the establishment of a Southall branch of the NAUL.
In
September 1911 Joseph N Bell (later Labour MP for Newcastle) spoke to
over hundred and fifty men in Clayton Road calling upon them to “combine
against capitalism” and in January 1913 W. Watts at Clayton Road
schoolstated “In Hayes the future had a bright outlook if only the
workers will grasp the weapon within their reach (trade union
organisation) there was no time for delay he went on
"The meeting in
Hayes had been called to show the workers of Hayes the value of
organisation, and to give the reason why a living wage (30 shillings a
week) cannot be obtained in Hayes without it"
"
It was the workers duty and it could be done by them in Hayes,other
places had already done it, and they were there that night to convince
the hayes workers that they could do it by organsing themselves in a
trade union.....In Hayes the future had a bright outlook, if only the
workers would grasp the weopon within their reach, there was no time for
delay"
T.
E. Smith NAUL Organiser stated "there again, there was danger that the
men of hayes would be replaced by females, who would work for less
wages. But in large industrial centres, Lancashire especially, this
could not happen as the workers were organised, and so their trade union
stopped it....By joining the trade union they would improve their
conditions, and at Hayes, it wanted improving. the whole responsibility
rested with themselves"
The NAUL circulated a leaflet around the Hayes area advertising factory gate meetings, one in early 1913 stated
"The
Value of Organisation" Come in crowds and hear the truth of why you do
not get a living wage in Hayes, which is within the London County
Council radius. Why remain outside and gamble ? Trust each other and
join the union."
The local branch Secretary of the NAUL Mr
W Watt stated
"There is no reason why they should not call the local
Gramophone factory, not his master voice but the workers voice"
An
early test for the union was a strike at the Gramophone works, which
erupted in June 1912, when over one hundred men struck. however the
strike soon collapsed and non of the men on the original deputation to
management got their jobs back.
Another
strike took place in June 1913 in the press room at the Gramophone
Company in Blythe Road after a wage cut of 3d per hour was imposed, The
strike involving over one hundred men and picketing , collapsed when
management threatened to sack the strikers, the leaders being dismissed
and victimised, Mr T.E Smith of the NAUL heavily criticism those that
returned to work.
A poem during the strike printed to the local paper
gives some insight into conditions faced by the factory workers at
Gramophone
Oh dear, oh dear, this awful heat
It nearly suffocates us
If were compelled to stick it long
'twill simply spiflicate us
It didn't seem so 'badly' hot
When we full price, were getting,
But now they've knocked us three pence off
It really is upsetting
We only asked for more fresh air
That we might work the faster
'tis true we struck it several years
But now it's got our master
If they had granted us more air
When we like men applied
We shouldn't have had so much by far
As they've given as now "outside"
Of course it wasn't only air
Alone that we were asking
A few more "extra brads" was what
The "fresh air wheeze" was masking
Still were inclined to try again
Even if our pledge be broken
But we are just a bit afraid
"His master's voice has spoken".
In
March 1916 J.A. Seddon MP spoke at a NAUL meeting in Hayes stating that
he was "astonished to learn of the low wages some of the girls in the
Hayes factories, but was glad to learn thanks to trade union action a
number of special improvements had been secured"
The local National Amalgamated Union of Labour (NAUL) branch Secretary was Mr F.G. Lingard of 9 Neild Road, Hayes
In
1920 The Hayes Branch Secretary of the NAUL was J.C. Haydon of 9 Glebe
Road, Hayes, Middlesex. The Hayes NAUL was meeting in 1920 on Fridays at
7:30 at Hayes Restaurant.
Other
local NAUL branches in 1920 included West Drayton - Mr W.A. Taylor of 1 Victoria Cottage, The Green
West Drayton meeting at the Kings Head Hotel on alternative Saturdays
7pm.
Brenford NAUL union Mr W.
Johnson of 52 Great Road, Brentford meeting at the George the Fourth: and
at Chiswick Mr E. Archer 140 Duke Road, Chiswick W4 meeting at the Windmill Hotel: At Hammersmith a Mr E.
Foscali of 48 Claxton Grove, Hammersmith meeting at the City Arms.
The NAUL had 44 branches in its London Thames & Medway District in 1920 (383 nationally) mainly in Kent (especially Northfleet, Gravesend, Dartford area) and East London.
The National Amalgamated Union of Labour
The NAUL was established as the Tyneside & District Labourers Union in 1888, It quickly spread along the Tyne
and North East waterfronts mopping up in its wake a number of small
locally established societies of Scrappers, Painters, Red Leaders,
Helpers and other shipyard labourers. By 1890 it boasted 80 branches with a listed membership of 30,937
William
Unwin (Financial Secretary), William Stanley and Joseph N Bell
(Corresponding Secretary) with A.T. Dipper (General & Organising
Secretary) together with six District delegates,
The union soon grew away from it's North East base, but their task was
constantly thwarted by strikes and lock-outs, being forced in 1890 to
spend 25.18% of income in strike benefits.
The NAUL were soon boasting District organisations in the Clyde, Belfast, Mersey, Sheffield, Thames and Medway together with their more traditional districts in the North East.
By the time of the 21st Anniversary Celebrations in 1910, by far the largest of the Districts numerically was Sheffield (9,271 members). Even the combined strength of the three Districts of
Newcastle (3,294), Gateshead (1,597), and Mid Tyne (3,080), on which
the strength of the union had earlier been centred, could not surpass
it. Only Mersey (7,419), London, Thames and Medway (7,874), and Shields
& Wear (6,617) could attempt to rival it.
Unlike
the rival "Workers Union" the NAUL was seen as "anti-full time
official' , and the NAUL extensive shop steward network in the North
East which was already secure considerable power, a situation which
developed still further during WW1
The NAUL union had a considerable hold in the cement works along the banks of the Thames. In London
some engineering workers were in the N.A.U.L. and it had a few members
in the south-west in cement and one or two other industries
From
1917 the NAUL was in discussions with the Workers Union on possible
merger, but a loser Federation was established, with a joint executive
committee, this loose Federation was joined by the Municipal Employees
Association in August 1918 and by 1919 the three union Federation became
known as the National Amalgamated Workers Union.
However, the NAUL became convinced that the Workers Union was using superior numbers and its full time officers to dominate the
Federation, this inflamed local disputes between two unions, this
coupled with an economic depression and massive reduction in union
members (which hit the Workers Union membership and influence most
acutely) led to the Workers Union withdrawing from the Federation in
March 1922.
National Amalgamated Union of Labour Membership
1890 82 branches 30,237 members
1900 177 21.111
1910 177 16,017
1911 227 44,972
1912 236 49,972
1913 255 60,003
1914 277 55,453
1915 287 70,430
1916 292 85,836
1917 323 123,627
1918 351 143,931
1919 370 155,220
1920 383 151,922
* note the huge rise in National Amalgamated Union of Labour membership in 1911, 1913, 1915, and almost doubled in 1917
The
NAUL would in 1924 join the National Union of General Workers to form
the General & Municipal Workers Union , now known as the GMB
NOTE
The National Federation of Women Workers branch secretary was Mrs Hollings of 21 Leonard Road, Southall
1920 National Amlagamated Union of Labour Secretaries in
London, Kent, Essex, Middlesex, Manchester and Ireland,
Mr
T.E. Smith National Union of Labour organiser for London, Thames, and Medway District . Smith lived at 183 Old Road,
West Gravesend and later (1920) Hillersland, Lennox Road, Gravesend
(information on Mr Smith most welcome)
T.E. Smith (JP) was a NAUL Official Delegate, London, Thames & Medway District
BRANCH SECRETARIES OF THE NATIONAL AMALGAMATED UNION OF LABOUR 1920
KENT
E. J. Phillips, 1 Telegraph Hill, Higham, nr Rochester, Kent
F. Maton, 3 Essex Terrace, Lower Higham, nr Rochester, Kent
H.P. Dean, 6 Samaritan Road, Northfleet, Kent
H. James, 4 Overeliffe, Greenhithe, Kent
J. Sharpe, 4 Nelson Street, Queens Place, Maidstone, Kent
E. Payne, 39 St Martin's Road, Dartford, Kent
A. Holland, 44 Wellington Street, Gravesend, Kent
W.W. May, 20 Portland Place, Bull Fields, Snodland, Kent
A. Randall, 31 Turner Street, Cliff at Hoe, Kent
C. Wood, 8 Smith Street, Strrod, Kent
W.J. Hubbard, 21 Scarboro Terrace, Burnham, Kent
A. A. Howard 14 Harolds Road, Sittingbourne, Kent
G. Fairman, 2 Hillside, Lower Halling, Kent
H. Sands, Burke House, Wouldham, Kent
S. Croucher, 4 Parkers Villas, Cuxton, Rochester, Kent
W. Wansbury, 45 High Croft, Swanley, Kent
J. Watson, Green Street green, Dartford, Kent
A. Hayman, 9 Pleasant Cottages, Westbourne Grove, Bexley heath Kent
A. Colyer, 3 Cray Cottages, St Mary Cray, Kent
H. A. Burden, 28 winchelsea buildings, Rotherhithe, Kent
I.G. Foreman, Leg lane, Birling, West Malling, kent
G.D. Evans, Battle Street, Cobham, Kent
A.J. barber, Over the Bridge, Eynsford, Kent
S. Blackburn 28 Milton Road, Rainham, Kent
Miss F.(Florence ???) Coveney, 12 High Steet, Greenhithe, Kent
F.H. Paddock, 4 Briton Street, Southampton
T. Boatman, 10 Foxton Road, South Stifford, Grays, Essex
E. Baines, 49 London Road, Grays, Essex
C.Nunn, Ivy Cottage, Bowers Gifford, Pitsea, Essex
A. Palmer, Southend Road, Stanford le Hope, Essex
W. J. Low, 4 lennards Row, Aveley, Purfleet, Essex
J. C. Haydon, 9 Globe Road, Hayes, Middlesex
W. A. Taylor, 1 Victoria Cottage, the Green West Drayton, Middlesex
E. Foscali, 48 Claxton Grove, Hammersmith
W.Johnson, 52 Great Road, Brentford, Middlesex
E. Archer, 140 Duke's Road, Chiswick W4
S. Daniel, 189 Eversleigh Road, Battersea, London
A. A. Humphrey, 157 St Leonard's, Poplar, London
A. Knights, 125 Long Lane, Bermondsey London
H. Smith, 48 Ireton Street Bow E3 London
J.T.. Clark, 10 Morris Road, Poplar E14
A.E. Duff, 8 Cook Street, Poplar E14
S.R. Brown, 116? , Barking Road, Plaistow
J. W. Marsh, 91 Glengall Road, Millwall, Poplar E14
B. Easterbrook, 37 Deptford Green, Deptford SE
J.W. Watson, 3 Park Place Poplar E14
H. Cornish, 273 Rotherhithe St Rotherhithe SE16
J. R. Henry, 67 Ordance Road, Canning Town E16
W. Clay, 87a Wakefield Street, East Ham
Wright 130 Ross Street, Cambridge
A. Marshall, Blackhill, Ely, Cambridgeshire
J. W. Hobbs, Poplar Cottages, Toddington, Bedfordshire
Miss F. Coveney 12 High Steet, Greenhithe, Kent
IRELAND NAUL UNION BRANCH SECREATRIES 1920
J. Maxwell, 40 Paxton Street Belfast
J. Campbell, 5 Loftus Street Belfast
S. Underwood, 13 Walnut Street, Belfast
J. Long, 33 Beit Street, Belfast
R.A. Boyd, 188 Hillman Street Belfast
E. W. Findlay, 142 Templemore, Belfast
A. Hamilton, 19 Newington Avenue, Larne
J.H. Saunderson, Boragh, Portadown, Antrim
J. Todd, Lle-Ballyclare, Antrim
D. Lynch, 79 North Street, Lurgan
W.J. Tweed, Main Street, Bushmills, co Antrim
G. McFadden 83 Causeway Street, Portrush, Antrim
J. McGrott, Dervock, Antrim
J. Stewart, Station Road, Antrim
J. Mallon. Colane, Aghagallon, Lurgan, Ireland
J. Mc Clea, 17 Howard Street, Derry
M. McChrystal, 11 North Street Derry
J. Dooney, Bonemaine, Bridgend, Derry
A. McMaster, Kinney Glass, Macesquin, PO Derry
T. McNamee, Main Street, Convoy, Donegal
J. O. Gorman, Bunderan, Donegal
W. McIntyre, Ravencliffe, Melville, Donegal
J. Daveney, Newton Cunningham, Donegal
P. Daveney, Sandville, Burndennet, Tyrone
J.J. Keily, 5 Kennedy Street Strabane, Tyrone
J. McCormick, Diumeagle, Sion Mills, Tyrone
l. Bradley, Glebe, Sion Mills, Tyrone
J. Jones, 2 Corportaion Street, Enniskillen
J. Doherty, Castlemellon, Dunnamana
NAUL MANCHESTER 1920
E. Kitson, 40 Poplar Street, Failsworth, Manchester
H.G. Blythe, 501 Fifth Street, Trafford Park, Manchester
J. Whittle, 2 Belgrave Street, Radcliffe, Manchester
W. Stubbs, 19 Lord Street, Heywood, Manchester
C. Schofield, 55 Kemp Street, Oldham Road, Manchester
Another women NAUL branch secretary in 1920 was
Miss B. Thompson, 51 City Bank, City Road, Newcastle
NAUL trade union meetings held in 1920 at
NAUL Rooms Dumbarton, Dalmuir
Labour Club Westgate
NAUL Kirkland Street, St Helens
NAUL Rooms, Kirkland Street, Lancashire
NAUL 24 Cloth Market Newcastle
NAUL Rooms, Mersey Street, Widnes
ILP Hall, Netherton St Anniesland
Labour Club, New Ferry, Cheshire
Labour Hall, Nelson Street, ConsettLabour Hall, Market Street, Greenock
Labour Rooms, Liverpool
ILP Rooms High Street Musselburgh
Labour Rooms Cavendish St
Labour Hall, Rosherville, Kent
SLP Halls CauseysideStreet, Paisley
Note Miss F. Coveney NAUL Branch secretary Kent possible 1901 census match
T.
E. Smith NAUL Organiser stated "there again, there was danger that the
men of hayes would be replaced by females, who would work for less
wages. But in large industrial centres, Lancashire especially, this
could not happen as the workers were organised, and so their trade union
stopped it....By joining the trade union they would improve their
conditions, and at Hayes, it wanted improving. the whole responsibility
rested with themselves"
From
1917 the NAUL was in discussions with the Workers Union on possible
merger, but a loser Federation was established, with a joint executive
committee, this loose Federation was joined by the Municipal Employees
Association in August 1918 and by 1919 the three union Federation became
known as the National Amalgamated Workers Union.
The
NAUL would in 1924 join the National Union of General Workers to form
the General & Municipal Workers Union , now known as the GMB
[For a vivid summary of this demonstration, see " Fifty Years of May Day ", by Dona Torr, Labour Monthly, May 1940.] 
The recent revelation that Police colluded to ensure the prosecution and jailing of miners during the 1984-85 miners strike, comes as no surprise to those active at the time.
